Starlum system for construction of  houses and buildings for one or several stories

ABSTRACT

It is a constructive system that improves, facilitates and reduces costs in the construction of houses and buildings of one or more stories, through a new type of electro-welded steel structures pile up; through a new type of smart concrete blocks, that assembles one to each other with mortars, (mortars are blind view), because it always place to the interior of the blocks, which are linked to pillars through steel clips, whose role is make perpendicular and align; through a new type galvanized steel profiles to build roofs, which are joined to each other through connectors that allow them to easily take any degree of slope, and, through a new type of structural aluminum molds, which are used to build pillars, beams and slabs of reinforced concrete. 
     Its main advantages are: 1. Reduces 43.22% the direct cost of construction (materials and workmanship direct) from each house basic (foundation, structure, concrete floor, metallic structure of the roof, and walls) 2. Increases 50% worker productivity 3. Reduces 50% use of mortar. 4. Improving the structural condition of homes to withstand earthquakes and hurricanes. 5. All materials used are not combustible. 6. The finishing of the walls is perfect, it does not require plaster. 7. The use of mortar inside the blocks to join them with each other, allows the pre-painted, manufactured blocks, achieving a perfect finish, and reducing the cost of painting of the houses.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the United States and in countries affected by hurricanes, tens ofthousands of homes were destroyed to the passage of these atmosphericphenomena. Its ceilings, walls and even entire houses have been carriedby the wind. This was dramatically seen to step Andrews, Katrina and themost recent hurricanes. Those who have been most affected are the housesthat are built with wooden structure, and also those that are built withconcrete block walls without the use of pillars. The weak structuralcondition of the houses has been the cause of the destruction of tens ofthousands of homes in the United States.

Moreover, at present, the high prices of housing and the serious crisisin the real estate sector, prompts us to seek a constructive solution ofhouses, which through productivity, efficiency and innovation, reducecosts, the same time that improve the structural condition, so that thehouses withstand earthquakes and hurricanes, and do not destroy them.

This is the solution offered by STARLUM SYSTEM.

SUMMARY

The Starlum System provide an integral solution to build one-storyhouses, and for houses or buildings of various stories. It is a systemthat integrates efficient solutions for the construction of thefoundation, the beams, pillars, walls and roofs. The combined work ofthese elements achieves enhancing resilience of the houses also for thedeveloped efficiency and productivity in the constructive processes,reducing significantly the costs of the houses.

The system uses reinforced concrete with new steel structures to buildthe foundation, beams, pillars and upper beams. These structures arestackable inserting with each other, so that reduce the space theyoccupy and thus reduce the cost of transportation by about 48%. Itreinforced with a novel system snap clips, which are placed with asingle blow of a hammer. In many cases, especially in a single-storyhouses, it is not necessary to place clips snap, however, for largerhouses, or multi-story, structural engineers, will determine the amountand location of the clips that reinforce snap electro welded metalstructures that are part of the pillars of concrete. The walls areconstructed with concrete blocks smart. The adjective intelligent theymay be, because they are different from traditional blocks that are usedthroughout the world, and have the feature that their form and theirfunctions efficiently solve common problems in the field, such as theunion between the blocks, alignment and plumb the walls. They are blocksthat fit with each other vertically and horizontally. It linked withmortar, which is placed inside the blocks and remains invisible, therebyachieves a perfect joint, in addition to the quantity of mortar used is50% less than that used in the traditional system. The blocks havespikes, grooves and holes, which allow them to dovetail with each other,and when they are sealed with mortar, there is a powerful union thatfaces the seismic forces and hurricanes working compression, unlike thesystem traditional that work by adherence. The compressive strength isinfinitely greater than the resistance by adherence. This feature givesitself a big advantage structural System Starlum versus the traditionalsystem and other systems on the market. Another important feature ofsmart blocks, which is joined with the concrete pillars with steel clipsfrom low-cost, which fulfill an important role joining them with force,align and plumb, to the effect, the blocks has standard slots, so thatwhenever we come together with each other these slots are in a perfectjoin position that allows join clips installation. The join clips areplaced in all the blocks of the first row in the last row and in unionwith the pillars. In the middle row of blocks is not necessary to placeclips, however the builder can use it to improve the resistance of thewalls, as the cost of each clip, is not higher than a nail-3″. Anotherimportant feature of the Starlum System blocks is that, as the mortarjoin goes invisible inside the walls, it is possible to manufacturepre-painted blocks, the way they are produced and sold pavers in themarket, and thus, the cost of painting and maintaining the paint houseswill be reduce significantly, the period of construction of housesdecreases and accordingly also reduces cost. The most novel of theblocks is the economic series, whose main advantage addition to theirlow weight and cost, is that it can stacking and reduce 40% of spaceroom, as a result their transportation costs is less.

On the roofs construction of the houses, uses metal profiles ofgalvanized steel in the form of elongated channel and inverted. One ofthe innovation consist of the standardization of metal beams in a singletype of profile, with the difference between them, just the length, sizeand thickness, depending on the effort that has to make, in addition tothe main invention for the roofs are the innovative system ofconnectors, which are articulated and allow profiles to be joined andplaced in a position from zero to 90 degrees, that is in any degree ofinclination, that the architectural design of the houses what has beendetermined. The rotation allowing connectors, is not only vertically butalso horizontally which is a tremendous advantage, since it allows themetal beams placed anywhere above the walls. The connectors designed formetal profiles are cut at right angles, namely avoiding the laboriouswork in factories to cut each element in its proper angle according tothe position to focus on the roof. The connectors have solved thisproblem, so that work in the workshop only involves cutting the profilesto the extent required size, and drilling the profiles where the boltsare put to use in the assembly. In the traditional system of roofconstruction in the United States, are manufactured wooden beams longdimensions of great weight, which moved to the works assembled, and ineach house to be built, requires the use of a crane one day to lift thewooden beams and put them in position. For the ensemble are used manybrackets and angles of steel and thousands of nails. But wherehurricanes go, they take all the roofs of this type. This system hasshown that it is not efficient. The system Starlum use bolts ⅜″ for eachunion, the connectors are built with galvanized steel and aluminumstructural painted electrostatic painting, in order to avoid galvaniccorrosion. All metallic profiles are carried disarmed, and the assemblyprocess is through steel bolts. The structural beams that support themain roof loads and earthquakes and hurricanes, will be assembled in theworks. Not required the use of cranes or specialized workers. The systemis so simple that workers can easily use it. The setting of structuralsteel beams in the concrete beams of the houses is done by expansionbolts. For the assembly of the roof in the works only require stairselectric drills and screwdrivers. This further reduces the cost ofinstallation and runtime assembly profiles metal roof. In comparativeanalysis of costs that we have made between the traditional woodenstructures for the roof which is used in the United States, comparedwith System Starlum considering in both cases only the cost of materialsand labor including direct installation work, we demonstrate that thesystem Starlum reduces the cost by 51.25%.

In the case of buildings in which concrete pillars have to be more largeof 8″×8″, we designed a new system of aluminum structural molds forpillars that makes it possible to build more than 16″×16″. The ensembleof these molds is through a new system of clip snap that fits with thesimple hand pressure and withdrew the same. These molds are also usedfor the construction of the beams of the foundation, and for theconstruction of the concrete slabs in the homes of more than one floor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For this study we have taken into consideration the system moreconstructive use in the State of Florida, which has eliminated plinthsand pillars of concrete and used solely for the foundation beams ofconcrete 12″×16″ reinforced with two rods steel ⅝″ along the beams,above rest the walls that are built with concrete blocks of 8×8×16″, andat the top the entire length of the walls positioned a beam of concrete8″×16″ reinforced with two steel rods of ⅝″. To reinforce the walls,steel rods of ⅝″ are placed in vertically placed inside the concreteblocks at a distance of 4′ along all the walls. The space inside theblocks where placed these steel rods, is filled with concrete, to serveas small pillars. Apparently, not using plinths, steel structures andconcrete pillars, it would mean a saving in the cost of housing,however, we will demonstrate that this is not the case, the systemStarlum using plinths, pillars and concrete structures electro weldedsteel, it is more economical, more efficient, and improving thecondition earthquake resistant and anti hurricane of the houses wellbeyond the traditional system of the USA, and is more economical at43.22%.

FIG. 1. It is the plane in plant of lateral walls of a house commonlybuilt in Florida.

We see the plant level a house of 52′×52′ with an area of 2,102 squarefeet, which is one of the models built in the state of Florida, and wewill take the prototype that will be analyzed in detail throughout theconstructive process using the System Starlum. The plinths 6 are30″×30″×8″, are built with reinforced concrete with steel rods whoselayout and specifications will be seen below. For the walls can be usedblock 7, whose standard size is 8″×8″×16″ combined with the block 8,whose standard dimensions are: 8″×8″×8″. As economical alternative, youcan use blocks 36 and 39 who have the same dimensions and functionperfectly, significantly reducing costs. In the corners, for mould thepillars can be used the concrete block 2, whose size standard is8″×8″×8″. In the middle of the walls, for mould the pillars can be usedthe block 9, whose standard size is 8″×8″×2″.

FIG. 2. It is the lateral view of the house.

We see the facade of the side wall of the house, which we see theplinths 6, the beams of concrete foundation 5, blocks corner 2, halfblocks of beams 43, entire blocks of beams 41, blocks wall 7, the mediablock wall 8, blocks intermediate pillars 9, and profiles of metalgalvanized steel 1, which is built all of the roof of the house.

FIG. 3. It is the superior view of the roof of the house.

We see the distribution of all profiles metal galvanized steel roof 1,placed on their horizontal and vertical position. All metal profiles arein the same form, the difference between them is the length, height andthickness, which are determined according to the distance betweensupport and according to the respective structural calculation.

FIG. 4. It is the one model of the steel electro welded pillar.

We see in plant the steel electro welded structure 10, square shaped,6″×6″, which is used to build concrete pillars of 8″9×8″, the thicknessof steel vertical rods is ⅜″, the stirrups are placed each 6″, and itsthickness is 5.5 mm. These measures are standardized for houses of onestory of the dimensions described above. According to the dimension ofthe houses, measures of the steel rods vary as determined by thestructural calculation. It can be seen that the stirrups not cover theentire perimeter of the four steel rods and left an empty space, thereason for this novel idea is to stack the electro-welded steelstructures, joint with each other and reduce costs transport by about48%. The empty space can be filled by putting clips snap 13, using ahammer blow. The use of such clips snap, is a big advantage for thecalculator structural Engineers, and that in some cases it is notnecessary to use them when the houses are one floor and the distancebetween pillars is not very large, but for houses of more than onefloor, or with considerable distance between pillars, they can add asmany clips snaps as are necessary and put them in the correct positionwhere the pillars bear the greatest efforts. This development does nothave any constructive system in the world. To the right of FIG. 4, wecan see FIG. 4A, is a perspective of metallic structure electro welded10, whose lower end is more elongated, in order to bend the ribs priorto their installation on plinths, as discussed below. It is veryimportant to stress that the stirrups of all structures electro weldedStarlum System have their extremes doubled 10B, which gives greaterresistance welding has been implemented at this point because it willnot work alone to resist efforts and will be helped by the stirrup.

FIG. 5. It is the other model of the steel electro welded pillar.

We can see a steel structure electro welded 11, smaller (2″×2″), whichwill be used to build pillars and concrete beams 4″×4″ of foundation inhomes of one story, whose distance between pillars is not greater than12 feet. The vertical steel rods are ⅜″, and the stirrups are 5.5 mmplaced each 6″. The clip snap that correspond 14, works just like theone described before.

FIG. 6. It is the other model of the steel electro welded pillar.

We can see an electro-welded steel structure of triangular shape 12,with specifications similar to those of FIG. 5. It its dimensions are:2″×2″. This structure is an economical alternative for smaller homes. Itcan be used to build pillars and concrete beams of 4″×4″ in concretefoundation. The clip snap, that correspond is 14, is the same as thatused in the steel structure of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7. It is the one model of the steel electro welded rectangularbeam.

We can see an electro welded steel structure, rectangles 18 withmeasures 4″×6″, which is used to build concrete beams 6″×8″ of thefoundation, is made from 4 rods of steel ⅜″ and steel stirrups 5.5 mm.These sections are sufficient for the prototype housing construction.The corresponded Clip Snap is 16.

To the left of FIG. 7, we can see FIG. 7A, is a perspective of metallicstructure electro welded 10 of beam.

FIG. 8. It is the other model of the steel electro welded rectangularbeam.

We can see a steel structure electro welded 19, rectangles, smaller,3″×5″, which is used to build the foundation beams or rafters overheadconcrete 4″×7″, for the construction of economic houses. Thecorresponded clip snap is 17. In FIG. 7A we see in perspective this kindof steel beams electro welded 18A.

FIG. 9. Its the one model of the steel electro welded triangular beam.

We see a structure of electro-welded steel, triangular shape 21 withmeasures 3″×8″, built with 3 rods steel ⅜″ and stirrups of 5.5 mm. Each6″. The corresponded Clip Snap is 17. It is used to build the foundationbeams or rafters overhead concrete dimensions of 5″×10″. It is aneconomical alternative to electro-welded steel structure stackable.

FIG. 10. It is the other model of the steel electro welded triangularbeam.

We see an electro welded steel structure of triangular shape 22,measures 3″×5″, built with 3 rods steel ⅜″ and stirrups of 5.5 mm. Each6″. The corresponded clip snap is 17. It is used to build the foundationbeams or rafters overhead specific 5″×7″.

FIG. 11. It is the other model of the steel electro welded triangularbeam.

We see an electro welded steel structure of triangular shape 23,measures 2″×5″ built with steel rods of ⅜″ and stirrups of 5.5 mm. Each6″. The corresponded Clip Snap is 20. It is used to constructrectangular concrete beams of 4″×7″.

It is clear that this type of electro-welded steel structures, of formsquare, rectangular or triangular, can be manufactured in sizes,thicknesses and specifications according to engineers calculatorsrequired for a particular type of work. This is a very important featurethat gives versatility to Starlum System.

FIGS. 12 and 13. It is the view of stackable steel electro weldedtriangular and rectangular beams.

We can see as the electro-welded steel structures rectangular 10, andthe triangular 12, stackable to each other, occupying less space in aratio of approximately 48%. This is an advantage on transportation andstorage greatly reduces its cost. That is why the new idea of structuralsteel pile up.

FIGS. 14, 15 and 16, are the steel clips.

We see clips 24, 25 and 26, to be built with rod steel of ⅛″, which areused to hold, joint, aligning and plumb the concrete blocks that we willsee later, whose description we can see the efficient functioning ofthose clips.

FIG. 17. It is the concrete block for built pillars in the corners ofthe houses.

Block 2 It is used in the corner of to plank mould where are built thepillars of the houses. This block has features that are common to allblocks that are used to mold the concrete pillars, everyone has the sameslot 27, the same holes 28, and the same conical spikes (FIG. 44 sector44A). The conical spikes at the bottom of the block fit precisely intothe holes that has the block that has been previously placed. Thesecharacteristics enable them to fit into each other vertically andhorizontally, through clips, attach, align and plumb with block wallwith speed, efficiency and low cost, as we will see later. This blockhas the measures Standard 8″×8″×8″.

FIG. 18. It is the concrete block for built pillars in the middle of thewalls.

We see the block 9, which is used to plank mould the intermediatepillars on the walls of houses. This block has the measures Standard8″×8″×2″.

FIG. 19. It is the concrete block for built pillars in the end of thewalls.

We see the block 31, which is used to finish the walls that do not jointogether with other walls, and where it has plans to build a pillar.This block has the measures Standard 8″×8″×8″.

FIG. 20. It is the concrete block heavy for built walls.

We see the block 7, which is used to build the walls of the houses. Likeblocks pillar described above, has slots 27, which have been locatedprecisely, to coincide always with the other wall blocks and blockspillar, so that they can easily set them clips steel the subject,aligned and plumb. These slots have standardized dimensions which willdetail later. It is noted that the walls 34 and 35 of this block, theyhave a lower standard ¼″ unless the walls 33 of the same block, this isfor the purpose of placing just there clips union, after which it isplaced mortar you do not see that goes inside of the blocks and unitesthem accurately and strong, forming a very strong structural knot, asthe mortar compression works as we shall see later. The walls 34 of theblock has shifted inwards ¼″, in order to make a space that will befilled with mortar when the blocks join with each other. At the bottomof the walls 34 and 35 of the block, there are two spikes standardizedthat also has everyone blocks this same type (FIG. 43 sector 42), whichare used to fit all the blocks with each other and form a union verystrong through the mortar. Moreover, in the same part of the block thereis a slot standardized 32, in a circular motion, 1″½, which serves tomake a space throughout the house walls, which can be placed previously,pipes of electricity, telephones, computers, cable TV, Internet andwater, simplifying the construction process, and reducing their costs.This block has standard measures of 8″×8″×16″.

FIG. 21. It is the half concrete block heavy for built walls.

We see the middle wall block 8, which is used to lock the blocks witheach other, has all the characteristics that block 7, and their standardmeasures are 8″×8″×8″.

FIG. 22. It is the economic concrete block heavy for built walls.

We see the economic bloc 36, which has all the features of block 7, andhas one difference because it does not has one of the side walls 33.This feature is very important, because in addition to reducing itsweight and cost, allows stacked with each other, so as to reduce theroom space and thus also reduces the cost of transportation. Moreover,in this part of the block has designed a special slots standardized 37and 38, that allow the system installed by Snap (single hand pressure),PVC support for switches and sockets system electrical and parts of thetelephone systems, cable TV, Internet, etc. This is in the FIGS. 41 and42. Another advantage is that the empty spaces left in the walls thatare built using this type of block can be sprayed with thermo-insulatingsubstances, a condition that provide thermal protection to increase thegenerating blades SHEETROCK attempt to curb electricity consumption inthe homes. Standard measures of this block are: 8″×8″×16″.

FIG. 23. It is the economic half concrete block heavy for built walls.

We see the half economic bloc 39, which is used to lock the blocks witheach other. It has all the characteristics of block 36, and theirmeasures standardized are: 8″×8″×8″.

FIG. 24. It is the concrete block heavy for built beams.

We see the block of beams 41, which is used to build the concrete beamsgoing overhead the walls of the houses. It is also used to build thelintels above the gaps in doors and windows. We can look at that in thearea where the slots 27, there's a level that this ¼ ″lower than thelevel of the side wall 33 of the block—this is so that the grooves ofthis block where the clips are inserted, at the same height standardizedhaving all blocks wall, and mainly, to enable fit there, the ears 42,which have all blocks of the wall and beams, in the case of theconstruction of lintels, and the walls continued above and need to beable to fit into blocks of wall to continue climbing the wall of thehouse. Later we will see a flow chart illustrating this issue. Thestandardized measures of this block are 8″×8″×16″.

FIG. 25. It is the half concrete block heavy for built beams.

We see the middle block beam 43, which is used to lock the blocks. Itscharacteristics are similar to those of block 41 and its measures are8″×8″×8″.

FIG. 26. It is the concrete block heavy for built concrete slabs in thecorners.

We see the block of corner 44, which is used to plank mould corners inthe construction of concrete slabs. Its characteristics are similar tothose described above pillar blocks and contain holes, conical spikesand similar grooves. Their measures are 8″×12″×8″. His height of 12″ isto cover the height of the blocks that have slab blocks 46 who are inFIG. 28.

FIG. 27. It is the concrete block heavy for built concrete slabs in themiddle.

We see the middle block slab 45, which is used to plank mould theintermediate pillars where concrete slabs are built. Its characteristicsare similar to those of block 44. Their measures are: 8″×12″×2″.

FIG. 28. It is the concrete block heavy for built concrete slabs.

We see the main block 46, which is used to build the concrete slab. Whatstands out is that the side wall of Block 48, is 4″ in height unless theside wall 47; this difference in height is necessary to block this worksimultaneously: a: as block beam b: as mould of the concrete slab to bebuilt. Its operation shall see later in the construction details of theconcrete slab. It also contains the slots standardized 27, in whichinserted steel clips join and standardized spikes on the bottom 42similar to the block 41. Their measures are: 8″×12″×16″.

FIG. 29. It is the economic concrete block for built central pillars insmall houses.

we see a block 49, which is used to build the central pillars ofconcrete of 4″×4″ for affordable housing smaller, with foundations for asingle floor, in which the distance between pillars does not exceed 12′.This block contains holes in its top 28 and conical spikes on thebottom, similar to those that have blocks pillar that we first met. Theyalso have two slots standardized 27 in which the join steel clip will beplaced. Their measures are: 6″×8″×5″.

FIG. 30. It is the economic concrete block for built pillars in thecorners of small houses.

We see a block 50, which is used to build pillars of 4″×4″ in thecorners of the walls of houses smaller economic bases for a singlefloor. This block has three holes 28 in its upper face and three conicalspikes on the bottom, similar to those described above. It also has twoslots standardized 27, in which the join steel clip will be placed. Itsmeasures are: 5″×8″×5″.

FIG. 31. It is the economic concrete block for built pillars in middleof walls of small houses.

We see a block 51, which is used to build pillars of 4″×4″ in theintermediate walls of houses with smaller foundations for a singlefloor. Have 2 holes standardized on his face higher 28 and two conicalspikes standardized its lower side, similar to those that have all thepillar blocks. It also has two slots standardized 27, in which the joinsteel clip will be placed. The measures are: 4″×8″×1″¾.

FIG. 32. It is the economic concrete block for built walls in smallhouses.

We see the block of wall 52 to be used for the construction of the wallsin the low-cost homes. It has all the characteristics of block 7,differs only in that its measures have been reduced in width. Slots 27and spikes have been placed so as to function correctly with any type ofblock pillar or wall which have to assembled. In the details of thatassembly that are presented below we will see its perfect operation. Themeasures are: 4″×8″×16″.

FIG. 33. It is the economic half concrete block for built walls in smallhouses.

We see the middle block 53, which is used to lock block wall, containsall characteristics of Block 52. Their measures are 4″×8″×8″.

FIG. 34. It is the economic concrete block for built walls in smallhouses that contain lateral slots.

We see a block 54, which is similar to block 52, with the differencethat the block 54 has two additional slots cross 55, which were used toplace steel clips of union with other blocks to build another wall inthe direction perpendicular, no need to build a pillar between them.This is used to construct interior walls of houses where it is notnecessary to place pillars. Their measures are: 4″×8″×16″.

FIG. 35. It is the economic half concrete block for built walls in smallhouses that contain lateral slots.

We see a block 56, which is used to lock the blocks 54, and pull theslots join in a position symmetrical, so that clips union can functionproperly. Its characteristics are similar to those of block 54. Themeasures are: 4″×8″×8″.

FIG. 36. It is the super economic concrete block for built walls insmall houses.

We see the economic block 57, of this series of blocks. It has all thefeatures and functions that block 36, the difference is only in itsbreadth. The measures block 57 are: 4″×8″×16″.

FIG. 37. It is the economic concrete block for built lintels and beamsin small houses.

We see the block 58, which is used to build concrete beams or lintelsgoing at the top of the walls, for join the pillars with each other,forming a solid structural framework. This type of beams used in smallerhomes, whose distance between pillars is not greater a12′. This blockcontains slots 59 ¼″ deep to put mortar between them. At its bottomcontains spikes 60, which will allow assembled between whether or blockwall 52, 53, 54.56 and 57. The measures are: 4″×8″×16″.

FIG. 38. It is the economic half concrete block for built lintels andbeams in small houses.

We see the block 61, which is used to lock blocks beams with blockswall. Its characteristics are similar to those of block 58. The measuresare: 4″×8″ x8″.

FIG. 39. It is the economic concrete block for built pillars in middleof walls that contain lateral slots.

We see the block 62, which is used to plank mould pillars intermediate,which walls in a perpendicular direction, forming a union type T.Contains 6 slots, to unite through clips steel all blocks of the walls.Its efficient operation as we will see later. It has all thecharacteristics of the blocks pillar (holes, slots and conical spikes).Their measures are: 8″×8″×2″.

FIG. 40. It is the economic concrete block for built pillars thatcontain lateral slots in its three faces.

We see a block closed 63, which is used to build pillars of 8″×8″, andjoin them with blocks of wall 52, 53, 54, 56 and 57. It is used for thecompletion of a single wall, and also to join the pillar with threewalls in the form of T, for this purpose, includes 3 pairs of slots inthe right direction 27. It also contains 4 holes in the top 28, andtheir corresponding conical spikes at the bottom. In the graphic detailsof the process we will see constructive later, the optimal functioningof this block. Their measures are: 8″×8″×8″.

FIG. 41. It is the snap support.

We see the snap support of PVC 64, which is inserted through the merepressure of the hand, in the slots to the effect that contain theeconomic blocs 36, 39 and 57. This support includes 6 holes 66, properlydistributed, so that they place by screws, switches, sockets, devices ortelephone systems, the Internet or cable TV. Contains 4 spikes 65, whichare used to make the adjustment type snap, whereby the support isembedded in the cracks of the blocks with simple hand pressure, and isfirmly adhered.

FIG. 42. It is the concrete block setting the snap support.

We see how the bracket 64, and the way it fits into the slots 37 ofblock 36.

FIG. 43. It is the concrete block of walls in lateral view.

We see the side of the block 7, where we can see at the top standardizedlocation of the slots 27, which are used to place the clips steel unionbetween blocks wall and blocks pillar. At the bottom we can see thespikes 42, which serve to this block can fit precisely into anotherblock like that has been previously placed underneath. We can also seethe slot 32 serves for laying pipes of electrical or water systems,according to the respective prints. This figure will have all the wallblocks that have measures 8″ in its width.

FIG. 44. It is a complete plane in plant and elevation of the concreteblock of pillar.

We see a plane manufacturing a pillar block 2, with design and precisemeasures for a successful operation. We can see the spikes conical 44 A,its location, its size, and can clearly understand that these spikes fitwith the precision of holes 44 B, which have all blocks of this type.Completed analysis of the wall blocks, pillars, beams and slabs, we turnnow to revise the components of metal structures and connectors whichare used in the construction of the roofs of the houses.

FIG. 45. It is a section of metallic profile that is use how beams onroofs.

We see the profile of galvanized steel in channel form 1, which will beused for the construction of any model or design of roofs of houses orbuildings. Traditional systems roof with metal structure used profilesin the form of C, or in the form of G. Our design is a profile in theform of C inverted, with two lateral 67 elongated fins, whose length isdetermined by structural calculate, and depending on the charges orefforts that have to endure. As to width 66 profile, has beenstandardized at 1″ ½. This profile is the one most used in themanufacture of roof. There is an additional profile 1A, whose width isslightly larger, to fit the profile 1 in the profile 1A. This will seelater in the detailed of manufacturing of the structural beam roofs. Allprofiles are the same shape, the difference between them, is in thelength of this profile, and the heights of fins 67A, depending on theloads they have to endure. One of the most important features is thatthe profiles 1 and 1A forming the metal beams, always cut at rightangles, which saves a lot of time in the manufacturing process, as it isnot necessary to cut each profile in the angle where will join with theother profiles. This is possible because the connectors solve thisproblem.

FIG. 46. It is a connector for sloping beams.

We see the connector 68 which links the central beam with sloping beams.It is constructed with structural aluminum extrusion system. Containsperforations 70, 10 mm in diameter, which are inserted bolts galvanizedsteel ⅜″, which is the union between profiles metal beams forming thecentral and profiles that form the sloping beams. To assemble theconnector 68, with the beam Central 1, the beam is inserted into theconnector, and they are inserting 2 bolts ⅜″ through holes 70. Theconnector 68 has two holes 70A, each will be placed bolt of ⅜″, whichwill serve as a pivot, working together with each of the slots 69,within which are inserted bolts that moving down the slot will allow thesloping beams affixed to the desired angle. Once we have placed theprofile metallic 1, in the correct inclination, fit bolt that has beenplaced in the hole 70A and then bolt that has been placed in the slot69. Thus there is a perfect fit and strong enough to withstand theefforts planned. The rotation angle start from 0° to 90°. Its operationwill be seen better later.

FIG. 47. It is a connector for horizontal beams.

We see the connector 71, which is used to attach the horizontal beamswith diagonal beam core.

FIG. 48. It is a connector for sloping beams in roofs for economichouses

We see the connector beams core, which is used for building roofs of twoinclinations in affordable housing. It was built with galvanized steel.Have perforations 70, which are inserted bolts ⅜″ linking connector 72with the beam 1. Channels almost closed 70A is used to place the pivotbolt which will operate as to achieve the desired angle. It is used tounite a horizontal beam with two tilted beams.

FIG. 49. It is a connector for joint horizontal and sloping beams ineconomic houses.

We see the connector 73, which is used to join a horizontal beam with atilted beam. It has characteristics similar to the connector 72 inrelation to hole 70 and slot nearly closed 70A.

FIG. 50. It is a metallic profile used how tensor.

We see a profile metal tubular 74, galvanized steel, which is used as atensor for the manufacture of structural beams.

FIG. 51. It is a top metallic profile for roofs.

We see a profile of galvanized steel 75, which is used as a profilesummit and is placed on top of the central beam to function as supportof the metal plates from the roof.

FIG. 52. It is a steel hook.

We see a steel rod 76 of ⅜″ bent into a hook shape, which is used to setthe metal beams in beams of concrete, in low-cost houses, which buildsthe roof with two slopes.

FIG. 53. It is a view in plant the process of connector 80 assembly.

We see in plant, separate the components of the connector 80. Support 77has a hole 10 mm, Which will insert a bolt 78, ⅜″×1″ 1/2. The box 79 hasa hole alike, which will be introduced the bolt. At the bottom of FIG.53, we can see the pivot assembled with the box, united by bolt 78 of⅜″.

FIG. 54. It is a lateral view the process of connector 80 assembly.

In side view, it can be seen that the same process of assembly. Ithighlights the hole 70 by which to introduce the bolt ⅜″ which willserve as a pivot, and the slot 69, which insert another bolt of ⅜″ thatallow to tilt the metal beams to desired angle. Adjusting the two boltsits form a strong union and stable than adequately fulfill its purpose.

FIG. 55. It is an elevation view the connector 80 assembled.

We see the product assembled: the connector 80. In this figure are 2holes 77A, which will insert galvanized steel screws, to fix theconnectors 80 to the metal beams tilted.

FIG. 56. It is a view in plant the process of connector 83 assembly withcentral beam 1.

We see in plant the components, which the connector 83 will beassembled, will be installed on the Central beam 1, and connect itselfdiagonal beams 1A, 1B and 1C. Element 81 is a piece of aluminumstructural profile of 2″ in length, is embedded in the lower end of thebeam 1 and joined by a bolt 78 of galvanized steel ⅜″. Next we insertthree boxes 82 of galvanized steel in the element 81 and affirms through3 bolts of ⅜″ that are inserted in the holes 70 that has the element 81.

FIG. 57. It is a view in plant the connector 83 assembled with centralbeam 1.

We see the elements assembled together through 8 bolts galvanized steel⅜″.

FIG. 58. It is a lateral view of process of connector 83 assembly.

In side view, we can see how the elements 82 are embedded in the item 81and joined by bolts 78. It observes the holes 70 and slots 69 that hasthe element 81.

FIG. 59. It is a lateral view of connector 83 assembled.

We see the elements assembled 81 and 82, which has formed the connector83.

FIG. 60. It is an elevation of connector 83 assembled.

We see in perspective the connector 83. In hole 70 will be placed boltof ⅜″ to serve as a pivot to achieve the downward turn of the connector83 from his ensemble with the beam 1. In The slot 69, will be placed onanother slide bolt to be within the slot 69 up to the desired angle.After the beams are placed in their correct position, and will adjustthe bolts strong.

FIG. 61. It is a view in plant the connector 83 assembled with centralbeam 1 and sloping beams moved.

We see in plant assembled beam 1 with the connector 83 and the diagonalbeams 1A, 1B and 1C. We also see that the diagonal beams, can easilyturn into horizontally from 0° to 90°.

FIG. 62. It is a plant and lateral view of connector 87.

In front view and side can see the connector 87. It is a piece of analuminum structural profile of 4 mm, in thickness, 2″ long. It containsa slot 10 mm. This connector is used to install the sloping beams in theconcrete beams of houses.

FIG. 63. It is an elevation of connector 87.

We see the connector 87 in perspective and we can see that it has twoholes 70 to 10 mm, through which the expansion bolts were placed, forset the sloping metal beams in the concrete beams of houses.

FIG. 64. It is a lateral view of connector 87 assembled with horizontaland sloping beams, and fixed in concrete beam.

We see in cut, as the inclined beam 1, it fits into the connector 87 andis fixed with a bolt 78. We see that the connector 87 is set in concretebeam 88 through two expansion bolts 78A. Note that the slot 69 of theconnector 87 allows the inclined beam 1 get easily the degree tiltdesired.

FIG. 65. It is an elevation of structural aluminum mold to buildconcrete pillars or beams, with detail of mold corner.

We see the mold of structural aluminum 90, which is used for plank moldfoundations beams, pillars and superior beams. It is constructed withstructural aluminum profiles 4 mm, in thickness. Contains rectangularslots 91 placed each 2″, where are inserted the Clips Snap 94, whichconnects the molds to each other, by simple pressure of the hands of theworker.

FIG. 66. It is an elevation of structural aluminum mold to complete theformwork for build concrete pillars.

We see the mold 92 which is used as an adjunct to mold 90, to build aquick plank mold of concrete pillars of 8″×8″. Contains rectangularslots similar to the mold 90, positioned precisely, so that whenever thetwo molds are joint, the slots coincide and can join them with Clip Snap94.

FIG. 67. It is an elevation of structural aluminum mold of formwork tobuild concrete slabs.

We see a mold 93, which is used to build veined slabs. Containsrectangular slots 91, placed in a vertical position so that they canunite these molds with each other through the Clips Snap 94. This clipis out of scale in FIG. 67, enlarged, in order to be able to observetheir way. Its role we see later.

FIG. 68. It is an elevation of structural aluminum connector to assembleinternal beam molds.

We see the connector 95, which is used to join the molds 90 one another,when working as plank molds beam foundation and when is an plank mould acentral concrete pillar of the house. Contains rectangular slots placedin a manner that match the grooves of the mold 90, and the beams canjoin through Clip Snap 94. It is constructed with aluminum structural 4mm, in thickness.

FIG. 69. It is an elevation of structural aluminum connector to assembleexternal beam molds.

We see the connector 96, which is used to join the molds 90 between themwhen working as part of the foundation beans. It is used in the externalcorners of the mold beam foundation. Contains rectangular slots 91,which are inserted the clips Snap union.

FIG. 70. It is an anchor to fix molds.

We see an anchor steel 97 with rectangular slots 98 and 99, which wouldbe placed in bolts to stabilize the aluminum mold of the pillars ofconcrete.

FIG. 71. It is a clip snap, to join aluminum molds to each other.

We see the clip Snap 94, widened so that we can see their form anddetails principal. It is constructed with hardened steel, to have theflexibility to function properly. Channels 94A, which are the subjectfirmly molds to each other. The spikes 100 are closed when the workerpressed against the clip slot molds and allows Clip Snap rolls up to fitin the slot. Once the clip has entered, the spikes 100 regain itsposition, and firmly hold the molds to each other.

FIG. 72. It is a union of two molds through the clip snap.

We see in plant the operation of the Clip Snap 94, when it fits into theslots that have the molds 90 and 92, joining them with precision andstrength.

FIG. 73. It is a joint of four aluminum molds to formwork a concretepillar.

We see in plant as two molds 90 joined with two molds 92, through clipssnap 94, and make the plank mould of a concrete pillar.

FIG. 74. It is a view in plant, of mounting the plank mould of centralpillar on plank moulds of beams.

We see how it is possible to assemble quickly insurmountable andsimultaneous the planks mould of the foundation beams with the plankmould of the central pillar. They are used 8 mold 90 for plank mould therafters of the foundation, two molds 90 and two molds 92 for the plankmould of the central pillar. To join the eight molds 90 of thefoundation beams uses four connectors 95 and 16 clips Snap 94. For theassembly of the two molds 90 of pillar with the other two molds 92, used32 clips Snap 94. (One each foot). This process does not last more than10 minutes, which saves an extraordinary amount of labor in theconstruction of two-story houses, which are those that require this kindof central pillar. The structural aluminum mold can be reused thousandsof times, which cost amortization is reduced to minimum quantity.

FIG. 75. It is an elevation of mounting the plank mould of centralpillar on plank moulds of beams.

We see in perspective the process that was described in FIG. 74.Additionally we can see how function the anchors 97 to stabilize moldspillars in the mold of beams prior to the casting of concrete.

FIG. 76. It is an elevation of mounting the plank mould of corner pillaron plank moulds of beams.

We see in perspective the ensemble in the corners of the houses themolds of foundation beam 90, in conjunction with the two pillar molds 90and other two molds 92.

FIG. 77. It is a view in plant of two traditional blocks joint withmortar.

We see in plant the traditional blocks of concrete 101, which are usedin the construction of homes in the state of Florida and other states inthe southern United States. These blocks are joined by mortar 89 worksby adherence. If the force of Hurricane applied as shown in the arrow,the mortar will resist as strong as it adhered in the blocks.

FIG. 77 A. It is a view in plant of two Starlum blocks joint withmortar.

If we compare in how working blocks of System Starlum, we realize thatthe mortar 89, is placed inside the blocks, and that does not work byadhesion, but by compression, as when applying the force of thehurricane, so that the blocks separating it will be necessary to breakthe mortar that unite them and fins of the blocks which cover. Thisshows that the Starlum system has a very strong structural advantagerelative to traditional system.

FIG. 78. It is a lateral view of two traditional blocks joint withmortar.

In side view, we can see the same problem.

FIG. 78A. It is a lateral view of two Starlum blocks joint with mortar.

We can see how the mortar 89 placed between the blocks 7 of the StarlumSystem works better than the traditional system.

FIG. 79. It is a view in plant the arrangement of aluminum molds tobuild concrete beams.

We see in plant the distribution of aluminum molds 90, which have beenplaced to work as plank mould of foundation beam. We can see thedistribution of connectors 95, 95A, 95B, 95C and 95D. The differencebetween the five connectors Series 95, is due to the required dimensionsslightly different in width, in order to achieve something that isdifficult as between concrete beams, which have a width of 6″ willemerge a pillar of 8″×8″, keeping its dimensions. This has been achievedwith five connectors, with unsurpassed speed, efficiency and lowercosts. Further connectors in the series 95 function to facilitatedisarmed from the molds, after casting of concrete beams and pillars,without necessarily beating, but with the simple hand pressure byremoving the Clips Snap 94. We see in the corners connectors 96functioned properly and simplifying the assembly process. Assembling allthe molds beam foundation of a house like this delay is not more than 30minutes. It is a constructive record speed and lower cost.

FIG. 80. It is an elevation view the arrangement of aluminum molds tobuild concrete beams.

FIG. 81. It is a vertical section of structural design of foundation,beams, floor and pillars for a one story house.

We see in court the structural design to build a house of one story,using the Starlum System. The plinth of concrete armed 6 is the size of30″×30″×8″, is built at a depth of 12″, is reinforced with a steelgrille built with 8 rods ⅜″ in both directions (a total of 16 rodssteel). On this grid of steel supports the structure of steel electrowelded 10 of concrete pillar 103. The beams of the foundation 102, arebuilt with structures of steel electro-welded 18. The concrete floor 105has a thickness of 4″ and is reinforced with a mesh 104 steel electrowelded of 3 mm thickness. At the top of the concrete pillars will bebuilt on top of wall a concrete beam around the perimeter of the house.This concrete beam is built with the steel beam electro welded 22 andfor plank mold used blocks 41. This structural design is based inmonolithic work between the reinforced concrete plinths, reinforcedconcrete foundation beams, reinforced concrete floor, reinforcedconcrete pillars and reinforced concrete superior beams. The House Armedthus has adequate capacity to withstand seismic shocks and hurricanes.In this structural alternative envisaged that the pillars are builtusing molds aluminum 90 and 92 as plank mold.

FIG. 82. It is a lateral view of setting blocks of walls.

We see in court side, as plinths, floor, the pillars and reinforcedconcrete beams have formed a monolithic whole. It is seen that tocompensate for the difference in level between part of plinth 6 and thelevel of land 106 have been placed sections of wood 90A type T, abovewhich placed the mold aluminum 90 that plank mold whole the perimeter ofthe house. In this way can melt rapidly in a single act beams ofconcrete foundation, with the reinforced concrete floor. We see theplacement of wall blocks 7 and how they fit with each other accurately,leaving in its interior space to place the mortar of joint 89, and toplace the pipes 108 electrical, potable water, etc. At the top we seethe use of block beam 41, which has placed inside the metal structureelectro welded 22 and has been cast concrete 88. On top of the concretebeam are the metal beams 65 of the roof of the house.

FIG. 83. It is an elevation of a constructive process a section ofplinths, foundation beams, concrete floor, pillars, walls and superiorbeams.

We see in perspective a stretch wall of a house with its foundations. Inthis figure we used for the construction of the pillars block 31 andblock 2, we used for walls the blocks 7 and 8 and for the upper beamblock 41. For foundation beams 102, we used the steel structure electrowelded 18. For upper beams electro welded structure 22. For thereinforced concrete floor, we used the mesh electro welded 109 of 3 mm.It is important to note that all the structural elements of reinforcedconcrete with steel electro soldier, as plinths 110, the pillars, beamsof the foundation, the beams air and the floor 105, form a monolithicwhole, which resist joined forces seismic and hurricanes. Obviously,this is not a mandatory structural design, and engineers calculators mayat his discretion to modify the technical specifications of steelstructures electro welded, which is easy to deal for resist the seismicand atmospheric conditions in their regions. The Starlum System isversatile and big adaptability.

FIG. 84. It is an economic block of walls.

We see as an alternative that can be used block 36, which means asignificant cost reduction.

FIG. 85. It is a view in plant the joint between blocks of pillars withblocks of walls, in corners of walls.

We see a detail of the union between the pillar block 2 with block 7,through the steel Clips, forming the corner of a house. Steel Clips 24and 25 are inserted easily into slots that have standardized block 2 andblock 7. When placed mortar in the area 34 of Block 7 and the grooves ofBlock 2 are filled, there is a very strong and resilient union at thecorner of the house, which improves when concrete has been casted inpillar of corner. We see that the structure steel electro welded 10 hasbeen placed as a prelude to the casting of concrete.

FIG. 86. It is a view in plant the joint between blocks of pillars withblocks of walls, in meddle of three walls.

We see a detail of the union between Block 9 of intermediate pillar,with the blocks 7 forming walls in three directions, through clips ofsteel 24 and 25. We can see that block 9 is very light, in consequencewill be very economical and joins perfectly with blocks 7, as theirslots coincide and is easy to set them clips 24. Blocks 7 unite amongthemselves through clips 25. Concrete 88 casted has consolidated theunion between blocks of the 3 walls.

FIG. 87. It is a view in plant the joint between blocks of pillars withblocks of walls, using an economic blocks for interior walls.

We see an alternative to construct interior walls of the houses, whichwill be very economical using the block 52. To this end, we have to usethe pillar block 62, which contains slots that allow bind with the block52 and block 7. If interior walls are constructed with the blocks 52,these walls powerfully reinforce the anti-seismic behavior andanti-hurricane homes, without increasing the cost of construction. Wesee that to unite all the blocks are required to use only 6 clips 24.Recall that the mortar is placed in filling the slots and the inner sideof the blocks of wall, consolidates strongly the join of blocks to eachother.

FIG. 88. It is a view in plant the joint between blocks of pillars withblocks of walls, in meddle of two walls.

We see how to build a concrete pillar intermediate, using 2 blocks 9 and4 clips 24. Quick, easy and inexpensive.

FIG. 89. It is a view in plant the joint between blocks of pillars withblocks of walls, in corners of walls, using economic blocks and settingsheetrock.

We see how to build the pillar of the corner of a house, using for thewalls the economic bloc 36. Used block 2, and unites them with 2 clips24 and a clip 25. We can see how is easy to place the sheets ofSHEETROCK directly to the wall without the need for metal structure. Toimprove the condition of thermal insulation in the walls, we can sprayinside of the blocks 36, foam insulation or any of the chemicals orpaint that fulfill this role. So the savings in metallic components ofSHEETROCK be used to cover the cost of this additional protection forthe walls, whose positive result will be that will reduce energyconsumption in houses.

FIG. 90. It is a view in plant the joint between blocks of pillars witheconomic blocks of walls, before setting sheetrock.

We see how to build a central pillar of a house, joining the block 31,with the economic block 36 through two clips 24.

FIG. 91. It is a view in plant the joint between blocks of meddlepillars with economic blocks of walls, before setting sheetrock.

We see how to build intermediate pillar of a house, joining two blocks 9with two economic blocs 36. We have used 4 clips 24.

FIG. 92. It is a view in plant setting the support for electric andtelephone system.

We see that is ease to place in the slots of the economic block 36, bythe mere pressure of the hand, the support 64 of the electrical system,telephone, etc.

FIG. 93. It is a vertical section that show assemble of wall blocksitself and with beam blocks.

We see a detail of vertical assemble of blocks 36 and how the block 41of the beam is embedded in the block 36 and bind with mortar 89. It alsosees that the block 36 can fit easily into the block of beam 41, tocontinue to raise the wall above the concrete beam.

FIG. 94. It is a view in plant the arrangement of pillar blocks withbeams blocks.

We see in plant the placement of blocks of beam 41, how are assembledwith each other through the clips 24 and 25, and how its joined at thecorners with pillar blocks 2, in the middle with blocks 9 of pillar, andthe end of the walls with pillar blocks 31. It is important to note thatall the blocks together form a continuous channel, which placed theelectro welded metal structures, in order to melt the concrete beam.

FIG. 95. It is a vertical section of a two story house that showconstructive details.

We see the cut of a segment of a two-story house, with its details 1-2and 3, to see how the Starlum System function building slabs ofreinforced concrete.

FIG. 96. Shows detail 1

Shows the detail 1, in which we see the upper wall of the second floorconstructed of blocks 7, which has embedded block beam 41, in frontposition and lateral position. At the Interior of Block 41 has beenplaced the electro welded beam 22, and has been casted the concrete 88.This is the concrete upper beams above will be installed the roof.

FIG. 97. It is a view in plant the joint pillar blocks with slab blocks.

We see in plant the placement of slab blocks 46, and his union throughclips 24 and 25, with pillar blocks 44 specially designed to work in thecorners of the slabs of concrete.

FIG. 98. Shows detail two and three.

We see in detail 2, the wall of the first floor has been built with theblocks 7, that has been placed above blocks 41 working as beam blocks orlintel, in this case are working as a lintel blocks. On top of thisblock has been placed another row of blocks 7. By continue has beenplaced the block 46 of slab. Then they are placed steel beams electrowelded 21, the electro-welded mesh 113 to reinforce the concrete slab,the steel rods to reinforce the nerves of the slab 114, and has beencasted the concrete slab 112. Next continue raising the wall of thesecond floor using blocks 7. We see that has been placed a wooden board115 between the block 46 and the metallic mold 93, the board has a stripof wood, which is used as a support of the metal mold of slab. The boardwas fixed to the wall by cement nails. These elements of wood are neededto be able to easily remove molds after casting slab of concrete. Indetail 3, we see that as block slab has been used block 41, which worksperfectly. We see two panels of wood 115, and the walls are built withblock 7.

FIG. 99. Shows the function of metal molds of slabs.

We see in another court, the way as are placed metal molds of slab 93,as are assembled one with other through the Clips Snap 94A and that aresupported by the boards of wood 115. We see the reinforcement of steel114 that has every nerve of the concrete slab. Other elements have beenpreviously described.

FIG. 100. Shows the union between two blocks to build pillars of 8″×10″.

We see that we can build the plank mold of a pillar of 10″×8″ unitingthe block 9 with the block 31, through the clip 116.

FIG. 101. It is a steel clip for joint blocks.

FIG. 102, Shows the union between two blocks to build pillars of 8″×16″.

We see that we can build the plank mold of a pillar of 16″×8″, unitingtwo blocks 31 through two clips 24.

FIG. 103. Shows the union between three blocks to build pillars of16″×16″.

We see that we can build the plank mold of a pillar type L 16″×16″,joining two blocks 31 with a block 2, through two clips 24 and a clip25.

FIG. 104. Shows the union between four blocks to build pillars of16″×24″.

We see that we can build the plank mold of a pillar type T 24″×16″,uniting three blocks 31 with a block 9 through two clips 24 and twoclips 25.

FIG. 105. Shows the union between four blocks to build pillars of24″×24″.

We see that we can build the plank mold of a pillar type + of 24″×24″joining 4 blocks 31 through 4 clips 25.

FIG. 106. Shows the union between four blocks to build square pillars of16″×16″.

We see that we can build the plank mold of a square pillar of 16″×16″,using 4 blocks 2, united by 4 clips 24. For the plank mold can withstandthe weight of concrete is needed to be strengthened by placing sectionsof wire No. 18 in the slots of the blocks and connected in iron rods ofsteel pillar.

Then we will make a comparative analysis between the constructive systemmore used in the southern of the United States and the Starlum System.

FIG. 107. It is a plane in plant of a house of 2.102 Sq. Ft. with alateral view of the beams and walls, using traditional constructivesystem in the Florida State.

We see the level of a plant in a house of 52′×52′ in the form of L with2,102 sq. Ft. In the southern of the United States, are built each yearhundreds of thousands of these houses, similar to the photo, withdifferent facades. Its structural design is not used concrete plinthsneither pillars. Instead of using foundation beams 122, measures12″×16″, reinforced with two steel rods ⅝″ thickness. On these beams areplaced concrete blocks 121, 8″×8″×16″. Within blocks, each 4′, placed aniron rod of ⅝″ thickness vertically, and is filled with concrete theempty space of the block, resulting in the house instead of concretepillars resistant, having numerous small pillars low structuralstrength. At the top of the wall is built a beam of concrete 120, 8″×16″reinforced with two rods ⅝″ thickness. Apparently, having eliminatedplinths and concrete pillars, it would mean a reduction in the cost ofhousing. Let us prove that this is not the case, the Starlum systemreduces costs and increases strongly structural quality of housing.

FIG. 108, It is a plane in plant of a house of 2.102 Sq. Ft. with alateral view of the foundation, beams, pillars, walls and metallicstructure of roof, using Starlum System.

We see the same model of house in the same area. It is built using theStarlum System, with 15 concrete plinths 6 of 30″×30″×8″ reinforced withsteel rods of ⅜″, with concrete foundation beams 5 of 8″×8″ around theperimeter, with concrete pillars 88 of 7″×7″, reinforced with electrowelding steel structure, with concrete upper beams reinforced withelectro welding steel structure.

FIG. 109. It is a constructive detail of the corner of the house usingtraditional system of Florida State.

We can observe in detail the union at the corner of the structuralelements of the housing built with the traditional system of USA. We seeeach foundation beam 122, has been placed only 2 steel rods 124 of ⅝″thickness, and in pillar 125 only there is placed only one steel rod of⅝″. Too much concrete and little steel.

FIG. 110, It is a constructive detail of the corner of the house usingStarlum System.

We see in contrast that plinths 6 are reinforced with steel rods 107 of⅜″ thickness, in both directions. We see in each beam 5 of thefoundation, placed a steel structure electro welded 18 formed by 4 rods⅜″ thickness and stirrups steel rods 5.5 mm thickness every 6″. We seethat each pillar 88 is built with a steel structure electro-welded 6″×6″formed with 4 rods steel ⅜″ with stirrups of 5.5 mm thickness every 6″.This union is reinforced with 4 steel squads 125. At first sight is thatthe steel used in the Starlum system is superior and performs betterthan the traditional system in the USA.

FIG. 111. It is a comparative table demonstrate that Starlum System save48.61% in concrete vs. traditional system used in the Florida State.

There is a table comparing the consumption of concrete between the twosystems constructive and we see that the traditional system of USA 126,consumed 522.47 ft3 of concrete, as opposed to the Starlum system 127,which consumes 254 ft3 concrete, in consequence Starlum System save282.55 ft3 concrete equivalent to 48.61%.

FIG. 112, we see a picture of a house in Florida USA, in buildingprocess of its roof 128. It is noted that has many prefabricated woodenbeams.

FIG. 113, we see the wooden beams of the roof of that house, for itsbottom where we can see the complexity of the assembly and its numerousmetallic join pieces.

FIG. 114, we see that to join a beam of wood 130, requires 3 metallicelements joint with many nails.

FIG. 115, we see the union of one of main girder beam with other beam,which are used several steel anchors with big size 131.

FIG. 116. It is an elevation that show the assembly of two connectorswith central beam.

We see in perspective the Starlum System in assembly process of theCentral beam 1 of the roof, with the connector 68 and the connector 83through bolts galvanized 78, and the placement of the tensor 74.

FIG. 117. It is a plant of the same assembly process.

We see in plant the same assembly process with the elements disarmed atthe top of the figure, and the items assembled at the bottom 132 of theFIG. 117. It can be seen that beams 1A, 1B and 1C, may revolvehorizontally from 0° to 90°.

FIG. 118. It is a lateral view of the same assembly process.

We can see in lateral view the same assembly process. It can be seenthat beams assembled 134 can be rotated downward, from 0° to 90°. Thisshift is accomplished through the connector 83 and bolt 78 which servesas pivot. This whole process has already been explained above, however,as we will discuss in depth the assembly of the roof, we have made thisbrief summary chart.

FIG. 119. It is a frontal view that shows the assembly process ofstructural beam.

We are seeing the beginning of the process of assembling the structuralbeam houses. We see that the connector 68 is embedded in the beam metal1 and that it fits into the tensor 74, we see that the union is done viabolts 78. Here we see the tensor 74 already have united through bolts 78the beam 1 and the connector 68. Then the beams side 1B, it will fitinto the connector 68 and will be fixed by bolts of galvanized steel 78.

FIG. 120. It is a frontal view that shows the turn down of the slopingbeams.

We see the elements are assembled, and the mechanism by which theconnector 68 allows the beams 1B turn downwards from 0° to 90°, using asa pivot the bolt below 78. Arriving at the desired degree ofinclination, fit bolts 78, and the beams are strongly stabilized.

FIG. 121. It is an elevation that shows the elements components ofstructural beam.

We see in perspective the same assembly process. Introducing the beam1A, which is placed at the bottom to fit it beams 1B and Tensor 74. Thebeam 1A, has already holes for which will be placed the bolts 78 to ⅜″with which conducted the ensemble.

FIG. 122. It is an elevation that shows the structural beam assembled.

We see assembled the structural beam 135, which has been mounted on thecentral beam of the roof 1. In this figure has been placed only 2tensors 74, however, depending on the length of the beam, and accordingto the calculation structural be placed so many tensors as necessary tostrengthen the beam. The home in study, required 5 structural beams likethis.

Then analyze the easy process of assembling the metal structure of theroof of the house that we are considering using the Starlum system.

FIG. 123, we see a picture of the roof of a house similar to what we aregoing to discuss.

FIG. 124. It is a plane of the lateral walls of a house about we willbuild the roof using Starlum System.

We see in plant the plane of the house with their main dimensions andwalls with the concrete beams 136 on which will be mount the structureof the roof.

FIG. 125. Shows six structural beams assembled and installed above theconcrete beams.

We see that are assembled 6 structural beams 135, on 2 central beams 1,following the process of assembling previously explained. To fix themetal structural beams 135 in the concrete beams, are used connectorswhose assembly was explained in FIG. 64. Its graphic detail appears inFIG. 125.

FIG. 126. Shows part of horizontal beams installed on structural beamsstabilizing the structure of roof.

We see that they are placed some of the beams horizontal 1C using theconnectors 71 and screws galvanized steel 137 ¼″.

FIG. 127. Shows the inclined beams installed.

We see that have been placed the diagonal beams ID and the inclined beam1F, using the connectors 83, 80 and 71.

FIG. 128. Shows all the metallic structure of the roof installed.

We see that have been completed to place the remaining beams horizontal1C, using connectors already cited, bringing the roof has been installedeasily, without the need for skilled labor, or cranes to lift the beamsas is the case with the system wooden roofs of great use and high costin the United States.

FIG. 129. Shows the assembly process of inclined beams with horizontalbeams.

We see detailed ensemble diagonal beams ID with horizontal beams 1C. Wesee that the diagonal beams ID are assembled in the connector 83 throughbolts of galvanized steel ⅜″. We see that the beams ID have installedconnectors 80 and 71 through galvanized steel screws ¼″. The beams 1Care placed on the connectors 80 and 71, and are fixed by bolts ofgalvanized steel 78.

FIG. 130. Shows the beams assembled.

We see fast and easy assembled the metal beams, forming a very strongstructural framework.

FIG. 131. Shows the assembly process of horizontal beam with diagonaland connectors.

We see the union of the diagonal beam ID with the Central beam 1. We seethat the diagonal beam ID has placed the connectors 80, one of them fitsinto the beam 1 and bind the two beams with bolts galvanized 78 to 3/8″.

FIG. 132. Shows the beams assembled.

We see the assembly of the inclined beam 1F with the diagonal beam IDthrough the connector 80 with bolts galvanized 78 to ⅜″.

To continue we see the structural design of a economic house of 39.59m2, which will be the most economic constructive solution and highstructural quality, which we submitted as a contribution of StarlumSystem to solve housing shortages in the poor countries of the world. Itused economic blocks of Starlum System.

FIG. 133. It is a plane in plant of a small house that will build usingStarlum System with economic line, including seven constructive details.

We see in plant the plane of a one story house of 39.59 m2. It has 2bedrooms, a bathroom, living room, dining room and kitchen. Contains 7construction details.

FIG. 134. Shows detail 1 of constructive process.

We see in detail 1, the formation of plank mold of concrete pillar 88 inthe corners of the house. We see that the pillar block 50 joins with thewall blocks 52, by two clips 26 and one clip 25. The steel pillarelectro welded 12, has been placed previously. The union of the blocksbefore the casting of concrete is reinforced with mortar placed in thearea 89 of the blocks.

FIG. 135. Shows detail 2 of constructive process.

We see in detail 2, the union of block 52 with block 56 through the clip24 to form a wall sort L. To strengthen this union is put a rod steel ⅜″and is filled with concrete 88 the space inside of the blocks 56.

FIG. 136. It is a cut AA of the architectural plane of the house. We seein cut the interior walls of the house, on which at the top has beenbuilt the concrete beam 136A that tie all pillars, and runs over all thewalls.

FIG. 137. Shows detail 3 of constructive process.

We see in detail 3 the formation of the corner of the house, wherestructurally it is not necessary to build pillars. It joins the block 52with the block 54 through the clip 24. This union is strengthened byplacing mortar in the groove of the block 54 and in sector 89 of Block52.

FIG. 138. Shows detail 4 of constructive process.

We see in detail 4, the construction of a pillar that unites three wallsin the form of T. The pillar block 51 joins with the blocks 52 through 2clips 26. The 3 blocks 52 are joined to one another by means of 2 clips25. The union of these blocks before casting concrete 88, isstrengthened by placing mortar in the slots of the blocks and Sector 89of all blocks. We see that before has been placing the electro weldingsteel structure 12.

FIG. 139. It is a plane in plant of foundation and roof of the house.

We see in plant the design and distribution of 11 plinths 6 of thefoundation, and next to the design of the roof of the house.

FIG. 140. Shows detail 5 of constructive process.

We see in detail 5, the construction of a wall type T, without pillar.The two blocks 52 joined the block 54, through 3 clips 24. The union isstrengthened by placing mortar in the slots of the blocks and Sector 89each block.

FIG. 141. Shows detail 6 of constructive process.

We see in detail 6, the construction of the central pillar of the house.The pillar block 49 joins the wall block 52 through 2 clips 26. Prior tothe casting of concrete, the union of the blocks is strengthened byplacing mortar in the slots of the blocks which were inserted clips andSector 89 of block 52. We see that previously has been placed the metalstructure electro welded 12, and then has been casted concrete 88.

FIG. 142. Shows detail 7 of constructive process.

We see in detail 7, the construction of a pillar between two walls. Thetwo pillar blocks 51, joined with the two wall blocks 52 through 4 clips26. This union is strengthened by placing mortar in the slots of theblocks which were inserted clips, and Sector 89 of the wall blocks 52.We see previously had placed the structure electro welded 12 and thenhas been casted concrete 88.

FIG. 143. It is a vertical section of the plinths, foundation beams,reinforced concrete floor and pillars.

We see in cut the structural design of the house. The plinths 6 hasmeasures of 24″×24″×8″, and go up to the level of the earth 106. Eachplinth is reinforced with 6 rods of steel ⅜″ in both directions (12 intotal) forming a grid on which to place the structure electro welded 12.As foundation beams make work the concrete floor placing structureselectro welded 12 running around the perimeter of the house and underevery wall. The concrete floor 105 is reinforced with mesh electrowelded 104 of 3 mm. thickness, with bars every 6″. On top of the wall isbuilt a concrete beam reinforced with steel electro-welded structure 23which connects all the pillars and forms a structural framework thatmakes work monolithic whole house.

FIG. 144. It is a vertical section that shows the assembly of blocksbetween itself, and blocks of superior beams.

We see the placement of wall blocks 52, and as we see fit easily witheach other leaving a slot circular 108, 1″½, which can to place thepipes for electricity, the Internet, cable TV and water, avoided in thisway that bite the walls after they had been lifted, to install pipes asis the custom in the South American countries. We see that the floor ofthe house 105 is 4″ above the level to land 106. The union of the blocksis done with mortar 89, which goes inside the blocks, sealing andstrengthening the union of the blocks with each other. We see that atthe top will fit perfectly beam block 58 with a wall block 52. In thebeam block 58, introduces the electro-beam welded steel 23 and melts theconcrete 88. Is important to see that only in the first row the pillarblocks and wall blocks has to be plumb and align, the remaining rows areauto plumb and align when placed clips joining pillar blocks with wallblocks. As can be seen, the process is easy, fast and economical.

FIG. 145. It is a table that contain the concrete volume need to buildthe house.

We calculate volumes of concrete that requires the house, and the totalis 5.37 m3.

FIG. 146, It is a perspective of the economic house.

We see from perspective the economic house that we are analyzing, andnext to the elements with which the roof is constructed: 1, 72, 73, 138,139, 140, 75 y 76, with two inclinations that has this model of home.

FIG. 147. It is a perspective of the roof for the economic house, with 5constructive details.

We see in perspective the roof assembly, with its construction details.We see that the all structure is constructed with the steel metalgalvanized profile 1, that roof is with metal plates galvanized 142.

FIG. 148. Shows detail 1.

We see in detail 1 assembly of the plate covered 142 with the metal beam1, through the hook 143.

FIG. 149. Shows detail 2.

We see in detail 2, the join of the metal plate that serves as thesummit 141, with the metallic central beam 1 through 2 hooks 143.

FIG. 150. Shows detail 3.

We see in detail 3, the union of the inclined beam 1A with 2 horizontalbeams 1B, using the connector 72, and three galvanized bolts 138, of ⅜″thickness.

FIG. 151, Shows detail 4.

We see in detail 4, the process of assembly and anchoring in theconcrete pillar of the Central beam 1 with 2 tilted beams 1A. We seethat the connector 72 has been assembled in the Central beam 1 through agalvanized bolt 138, of ⅜″ thickness. We see that two tilted beams 1A,has been assembled in connector 72 and are fit with 2 steel galvanizedbolts 138. We see that over the central beam 1, has been placed theprofile summit 75, which has been fixed with screws steel 140 of ¼″thickness. Finally we see that the sloping beams have been set inconcrete pillar through 2 hooks of steel 76, which have been placedbefore the casting of concrete. The metal tilted beams 1A, are supporton pillar blocks 51, prior to the casting of concrete.

FIG. 152. Shows detail 5.

We see in detail 5, the horizontal metallic beam 1 has placed connector73 by galvanized steel bolt 139. The connector 73 and bolt 139 we seeoutside the area of assembly. In this zone is not sees the connector 73because it's covered by the inclined beam 1A only we see the head of thebolt 139. The sloping beam 1A, will be fit on the connector 73, by abolt of galvanized steel 138. This manner are joint the two metal beams1 and 1A. They support on the pillar block 50 and set the concretepillar through two hooks 76, when has been casted concrete inside theblock 50.

Next we see as economic blocs can be used to build two-story houses. Forthis purpose, requires pillars with more section than 4″×4″, thereforewe designed blocks that allow build larger pillars.

FIG. 153. Shows the process of assembly between concrete pillar blockswith concrete wall blocks in the corners of the house.

We see the corner of a house with foundations for two floors. The plankmold of the pillar is built with pillar block 2, the pillar block 144,and two wall blocks 52, which joint through 4 steel clips 24. Inside thepillar has been installed the steel structure electro welded 10, whichfor more resistance, can be constructed with steel rods of greaterthickness, according to the respective structural calculation. As wehave seen, these blocks are reinforced with mortar placed in the groovesof the blocks and Sector 89 of the wall blocks 52. The casting ofconcrete 88, makes this pillar in a structural element with sufficientcapacity to resist the earthquakes and hurricanes.

FIG. 154. Shows in perspective block 144, with all its details.

FIG. 155. Shows the process of assembly between concrete pillar blockswith concrete wall blocks in middle of the walls.

We see as build a pillar between three walls, using the pillar block 63,and three wall blocks 52, which joint through 6 clips 24. We see thatthe slots that have the block 63 perfectly located coincide with thegrooves of the blocks 52, which facilitates the placement of clips 24efficiently and quickly.

FIG. 156, Shows the process of assembly between concrete pillar blockswith concrete wall blocks in the end of walls.

We see the construction of the central pillar where a wall finishes,using the Block 63 and a Block 52, which are joined by two clips steel24.

To conclude, in FIG. 157, we do a comparative analysis of cost ofconstruction of housing for 2,102 sq. Ft, using the traditional systemof the USA, compared with Starlum System. It was in this analysisexcludes the cost of land and infrastructure. It has been estimated thecost of basic housing whose entries are: foundations, beams of thefoundation, foundation, beams wall, upper beams and the structure of theroof, including direct labor required to run these items. The end resultis as follows:

Total cost system USA: $23.186.40Total cost Starlum system: $12.164.74

NET SAVINGS $10.021.63

This means that for every house that is built using the system Starlum,instead of the traditional system of the USA, there is a savings of43.22% in the cost of basic construction of the house, with the addedadvantage that the structural condition is higher.

1. The construction system of claim 1 comprising to Starlum system ascomprehensive method of build houses of one or more stories, which hasbeen designed to reduce the cost of the houses, through productivity andefficiency, while improving the structural quality, with the goal thatneither earthquakes or hurricanes destroy. All components of the systemwork related to each other, to make easy the constructive process,reduce execution times, lower costs and provide better structuralquality and long-term the durability of the houses. The reinforceconcrete of the plinths, the reinforced concrete beams with steelelectro welded, the pillars of concrete reinforced with steel structureselectro welded, the walls with concrete blocks tied to the pillarsthrough clips steel, reinforced upper concrete beams with electro weldedsteel structures, and metallic profiles of the roof fixed to the upperconcrete beams, through expansion bolts, steel beams which can begraduate any degree of tilt through the connectors. All of theseelements working together, offer a monolithic house that facesuccessfully earthquakes and hurricanes. Versatility that have Starlumsystem is very important in relation to the electro-welded steelstructures, as they may be amended in terms of thickness anddistribution of steel, to make them more resilient, according to thecriterion of technical engineers calculators, who according to thetechnical requirements of a specific real estate project, can apply tomanufacturers who need modifications. On the whole this is the first andfundamental claim.
 2. The construction system of claim 2 comprisingsteel electro welded structures shown in FIGS. 4, 4A, 5, 6, 7, 7A, 8, 9,10, 11, are functioning how pillars or beams. Further comprising thefunction of stackable products shown in figs: 12 and
 13. This productsare built with 4 rods of steel that are welded the stirrups by the threesides, leaving open the fourth side to ensure that they can stackedtogether, so that reduces the space taken in transportation. Furthercomprising: the feature of folding the tips of the stirrups, whichstrengthen the welding and improves behavior of the metal structureinside the concrete pillar. Further comprising: clips snap 13, 14, 16,17, 20, that are placed on the electro welded steel structures, square,rectangular or triangular, which are used in the construction ofpillars, beams and slabs of concrete. These clips are assembled througha single hammer blow to strengthening them and placing them in theposition, distribution and amounts determined by engineers calculators.Further comprising: the use of electro-welded steel structures square,rectangular or triangular, planted in the concrete floors to make floorsreinforced work monolithic, thereby improving the quality earthquakeresistant and anti hurricane of the houses.
 3. The construction systemof claim 3 comprising: the 4 steel clips shown in FIGS.: 14, 15, 16,101, that are used for insert into slots that has all concrete blocks,which enables them to join in strongly horizontal and perpendiculardirections. Further the clips align and plumb the rest of the blocksafter he had lifted the first row of them.
 4. The construction system ofclaim 4 comprising: 27 concrete blocks shown in FIGS.: 17, 18, 19, 20,21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,39, 40, 41, 42, 43, submitted, some are used for plank mold the pillars,beams, slabs of concrete and others to build the walls, which can bebuilt with ease, speed, productivity and efficiency all kinds of homesand buildings to reduce construction costs and improve the structuralquality of buildings. Further comprising: the holes and spikes of everyblock pillar to allow them to fit with each other, achieving a quick andefficient assembly. Further comprising: all the grooves, which had allthe blocks, located accurately to enable easily fit into them the steelclips that unite them heavily, aligned and plumb. Further comprising:the action of placing mortar of union all the blocks inside them, invertical and horizontal directions, leaving the mortar inside the blockswithout being able seen from the outside the wall. This is accomplishedby the construction of walls and finishes will be clean and perfectappearance. Further comprising: spikes that have all the blocks in itsunderside, which are embedded with each other vertically, with easilyand fast. Further comprising: slots semicircular that has all the blocksin its underside, which is intended to leave a horizontal channel alongevery wall, which can be placed pipes electrical systems telephone,Computer, water, etc, avoided in this way the process to crush the wallsafter they have been placed blocks. Further comprising: the featurehaving the economic blocks of not having one of its sides, keepingperfectly all other functions shown in FIGS. 22 and
 36. Furthercomprising: the stackable feature of the economic blocs that have, sinceit lacked one of its sides can fit into each other, thereby reducing thespace they occupy in transportation, This also reduces the cost oftransportation. Further comprising: slots vertical have the economicblocs, in all its height, which are designed to through the snap systemwill fit into them support PVC, which is used to place the sockets andswitches the electrical system, telephone, cable TV, etc.
 5. Theconstruction system of claim 5 comprising: the use to build roofs, ofthe steel metallic profiles as a channel placed with their fins headingdownwards shown in FIG.
 45. With this profile are built all kinds ofroofs with different inclinations for the entire model homes that candesign architects. In this profile are placed by their foreign theconnectors with two inclinations, and in its interior fittings of thediagonal beams and tensors to manufacture structural beams. Furthercomprising: feature that to withstand the loads of the roof, at agreater distance between supports, the metal profile will only beenlarges lateral fins prior structural calculation and solve theproblem.
 6. The construction system of claim 6 comprising: the connectorof inclined beams 68 described in FIG. 46, which is inserted for theexterior of the metal beam and it is assembled on it using galvanizedbolts of ⅜″. This connector joint through galvanized bolts ⅜″, thecentral beam of the roof with two laterals inclined beams, forming aknot very resilient and flexible, which can successfully resist theseismic forces and hurricanes. Further comprising, the role of verticalturn that the connector granted to the inclined beams, so they can turndown from an initial position from 0° to 90°. Further comprising thelateral grooves semicircular that has the connector beams tilted, whichis sliding bolt that holds the inclined beam, to achieve the desiredangle. Further comprising, the tubular holes that has inclined beamconnector which inserts a bolt 3/0.8″ which serves as pivot to allow theinclined beam can be tilted downward to achieve the desired angle.Further comprising construction, the function that has the connector bywhich is insert from the outside of the central beam and is inserted inthe interior of the sloping beams. In addition simultaneously embracesthe central beam and tensor, which is used in the construction of thestructural beams, using two bolts of ⅜″, which form a knot structuralvery strong.
 7. The construction system of claim 7 comprising thehorizontal beams connector 71, which appears in FIG. 47, whose functionis to unite the horizontal beams with the central diagonal beams.Further comprising the 3 holes of connection 70, and slots semicircularwhich has on lateral sides
 69. 8. The construction system of claim 8comprising the inclined beams connector 72 that appears in FIG. 48,which is used to build roofs on economic houses with low sizes, in whichthe central beam rests on a central pillar, so that the distance betweensupports of the central beam does not exceed 4 m. The role of thisconnector is to unite through galvanized bolts the central metal beamwith two inclined beams laterals, achieving a slope of two inclinationsand forming a very strong structural knot between the central beam andthe two sloping beams. Further comprising, the holes simple and almosttubular holes through which to insert a bolt that serves as a pivot forthe sloping beams can rotate.
 9. The construction system of claim 9comprising the connector 73 shown in FIG. 49 which is used as an anchorthat connects the horizontal metal beam with the sloping metal beam.Further comprising the hole simple and semi-tubular hole through whichinserts a bolt that serves as a pivot for the sloping metal beam canrotate.
 10. The construction system of claim 10 comprising the connector80 of the metal beams of the roof that appears in FIG.
 55. Furthercomprising, the elements that comprise the connector metal beams, whichare shown in the FIGS. 53 and 54, who are: the anchor tubular steel 77and the box steel
 79. Further comprising, the elements of the connectorshown in FIGS. 53, 54 and 55, which are the holes fixing 77A, the holes70 through which is placed the galvanized bolt ⅜″ which assembles partsof the connector 80, the holes 70A for which is inserted Galvanizedsteel bolt that serves as pivot, and the semi-circular holes 69 by whichslide the bolt of ⅜″, which places the metal beams in the desired angle.11. The construction system of claim 11 comprising: the connectordiagonal beams 83 contained in FIG. 60, which is used to join thecentral metal beam with three diagonal beams providing them with asystem for work with inclination vertical and horizontal movement froman original position from 0° to 90°, which allows easily be located inthe site and the desired degree of inclination on the concrete beamsthat are on the walls of houses. Further comprising, the elements thatintegrate them which are disarmed in FIGS. 56 and 58, and are: theprofile 81 with 3 holes tubular 70 by which they inserted three bolts ofgalvanized steel ⅜″, which function as three pivots to provide the turnhorizontal to diagonal beams. In addition the holes 70A where it ispositioned the bolt to function as the pivot to provide the turningvertically to connector 81, and the semi-circular slot 69 by which ispositioned the bolt that slide down until achieving the desired angle.The box 82, which are used to hold the diagonal beams and give them theturn horizontal from 0° to 90°. The holes 82A that has the box 82, wherethe steel bolts ⅜″ are insert to act as pivots and holes 70 which areused to set firmly diagonal beams. Further comprising the function thatprovides the connector 83 by which the diagonal beams 1A, 1B and 1C, canbe moved in horizontal direction from 0° to 90°, as shown in FIG. 61.Further comprising: the function that provides the connector 83, bywhich the diagonal beams can be moved vertically from 0° to 90°,starting from the top to down, as shown in FIG. 118
 12. The constructionsystem of claim 12 comprising: the connector 87, which shown in FIG. 63,which is used to fix the metal structures of the roof on the concretebeams that are above the walls of the houses, as shown in FIG. 64.Further comprising: the holes 70 which is used to insert expansion boltsof ⅜″, which fix the metal structures of the roof on the concrete beams.It also includes the grooves 69, which fits the bolt that set theconnector 87 with the metal beam.
 13. The construction system of claim13 comprising the metal molds 90, 92, 93 which shown in FIGS. 65, 66 and67, which are used to plank molding foundation beams, upper beams,pillars or concrete slabs. Further comprising: the system of rectangularholes 91 who have all the molds in which they insert clips snap thatunite them with precision. These holes are placed every 2″, so thatwhenever two or more molds come together, always coincide therectangular holes ones with others and were able to unite with clipssnap
 94. 14. The construction system of claim 14 comprising theconnector 95 and 96, which shown in FIGS. 68 and 69, which is used tojoin with each other molds 90 in its interior and exterior parts whenoperating as plank mold of concrete beam of foundation.
 15. Theconstruction system of claim 15 comprising, the clip snap 94 shown inFIG.
 71. Is used as an element of joins among all kinds of metallicmolds of the Starlum System. Further comprising, the recesses 94A, ofthe clip snap 94, which are used to be inserted in the rectangular holesthat has metal molds, which operates the system snap, and produce astrong and resistant union that holding adequately molds with eachother. Further comprising: the fins 100 that has the clip snap 94, whoseinclination make operate the system snap and allows also to the workerpressing them with fingers can get out clips snap in the ungroupprocess.
 16. The construction system of claim 16 comprising the use ofmortar to the interior of the blocks, which operate provides to StarlumSystem greater resistance to the union between blocks, as opposed totraditional system used in the United States and the rest of the world.Besides the Starlum system is the only one that shows a finished,perfect, and clean without waste mortar on the walls, with the greatadvantage that they do not need plaster the house walls after has beenfinished the lift of the walls.
 17. The construction system of claim 17comprising: the role of the blocks 2, 31, 9, 41, 46, 50, 51, 49, 144,163, as plank mold of concrete pillar, beams, and slabs, as shown inFIGS. 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103,104, 105, 106, 134, 135, 137, 138, 10, 141, 142, 153, 155,
 156. 18. Theconstruction system of claim 18 comprising: the role that achievetogether blocks pillar 2, 9 and 31, which when assembled with beamblocks 41, generate a continuous channel, which allows very easily beplaced within the electro welded metal structures and that can to castthe concrete of the beam, as shown in FIG.
 94. 19. The constructionsystem of claim 19 comprising: the role of the blocks 2, 9, 31, as plankmold of concrete pillars, in shape square, rectangular, type L, type Tand type cross, as shown in FIGS. 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106.